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Instruction of Amenemope
''Instruction of Amenemope'' (also called ''Instructions of Amenemopet'', ''Wisdom of Amenemopet'') is a literary work composed in Ancient Egypt, most likely during the Ramesside Period (ca. 1300–1075 BCE); it contains thirty chapters of advice for successful living, ostensibly written by the scribe Amenemope son of Kanakht as a legacy for his son.〔Lichtheim 1976, 146-149.〕 A characteristic product of the New Kingdom “Age of Personal Piety”,〔Williams 1978, 131-137.〕〔Weeks 1994, 168-169.〕 the work reflects on the inner qualities, attitudes, and behaviors required for a happy life in the face of increasingly difficult social and economic circumstances.〔Washington 1994.〕 It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of ancient near-eastern wisdom literature and has been of particular interest to modern scholars because of its relationship to the biblical Book of Proverbs.〔〔Ray 1997, 17-29.〕
==Overview==
''Amenemope'' belongs to the literary genre of "instruction" (Egyptian ''sebayt''). It is the culmination of centuries of development going back to the ''Instruction of Ptahhotep'' in the Old Kingdom〔〔Lichtheim 1973, 61-80.〕 but reflects a shift in values characteristic of the New Kingdom's "Age of Personal Piety": away from material success attained through practical action, and towards inner peace achieved through patient endurance and passive acceptance of an inscrutable divine will.〔〔〔〔Wilson 1951, 289-309.〕 The author takes for granted the principles of Natural law and concentrates on the deeper matters of conscience. He counsels that the weaker classes of society are defended, respect is shown to the elderly, widows and the poor, whilst condemning any abuse of power or authority.〔"Studies in Comparative Religion", General editor, E. C Messenger, Essay by A. Mallon S. J, vol 2/5, p. 16-17, Catholic Truth Society, 1934〕
The author draws an emphatic contrast between two types of men: the "silent man", who goes about his business without drawing attention to himself or demanding his rights, and the "heated man", who makes a nuisance of himself to everyone and is constantly picking fights with others over matters of no real importance. Contrary to worldly expectation, the author assures his reader that the former will ultimately receive the divine blessing, while the latter will inevitably go to destruction. ''Amenemope'' counsels modesty, self-control, generosity, and scrupulous honesty, while discouraging pride, impetuosity, self-advancement, fraud, and perjury—not only out of respect for Maat, the cosmic principle of right order, but also because "attempts to gain advantage to the detriment of others incur condemnation, confuse the plans of god, and lead inexorably to disgrace and punishment."〔
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